Gravitational Force : The gravitational force is weak, but very long ranged. Furthermore, it is always attractive. It acts between any two pieces of matter in the Universe since mass is its source.
Weak Nuclear Force : The weak force is responsible for radioactive decay and neutrino interactions, It has a very short range and as its name indicates, it is very weak. The weak force causes Beta decay i.e., the conversion of a neutron into a proton, an clectron and an antineutrino.
Electromagnetic Force : The electromagnetic force causes electric and magnetic effects such as the repulsion between like electrical charges or the interaction of bar magnets: It is long-ranged, but much weaker than the strong force. It-can be attractive or repulsive, and acts only between pieces of matter carrying electrical charge. Electricity, magnetism. and light are all produced by this force.
Strong Nuclear Force : The strong interaction is very strong, but very short-ranged. It is responsible for holding the nuclei of atoms together. It is basically attractive, but can be effectively repulsive in some circumstances. The strong force is 'carried' by particles called gluons; that is, when two particles interact through the strong force, they do so by exchanging gluons. Thus, the quarks inside of the protons and neutrons are bound together by the exchange of the strong nuclear force. The following table summarizes the strengths and other important properties of the four fundamental forces.
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